A heat pump functions as a device that employs mechanical work to transfer heat from a cooler environment to a warmer one through a refrigeration cycle. This process involves cooling the cooler space and warming the warmer space by facilitating the transfer of thermal energy. In colder climates, a heat pump has the capability to extract heat from the chilly outdoors to heat a residence. Conversely, during warmer weather, it can be designed to move heat from the house to the relatively warmer outdoors. Due to their emphasis on heat transfer rather than heat generation, heat pumps prove to be more energy-efficient compared to alternative home heating methods.
The operational sequence involves compressing a gaseous refrigerant, thereby elevating its temperature. When functioning as a heater in cold conditions, the heated gas travels to an indoor heat exchanger where a portion of its thermal energy is imparted to the indoor space. This causes the gas to condense into a liquid state. The liquefied refrigerant then moves to an outdoor heat exchanger where the pressure decreases, leading to the liquid evaporating and the gas's temperature dropping. At this point, the gas is colder than the temperature of the outdoor space serving as the heat source. It can once again absorb energy from this heat source, undergo compression, and repeat the entire cycle.